During loading, the carbon monoxide in the synthesis or pyrolysis gas reacts with the iron oxide to form iron. Steam is added to discharge the system, resulting in the formation of iron oxide and high-purity hydrogen.

This eliminates the need for the energy-intensive water-gas shift (WGS) and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) processes, resulting in around 30 per cent savings in the hydrogen production chain.

The resulting hydrogen is up to 99.95 per cent pure and can be supplied at a pressure of up to 100 bar.

This technology can be used in a modular format, either as a container-based logistics solution or as a large-scale, highly integrated plant. It supplies both hydrogen and process heat.

The CO₂ produced during generation can be utilised as a raw material (CCU) or stored (CCS).

Benefits

Production of high-purity hydrogen (up to 99.95 per cent) from blast furnace gases, synthesis gases and biogas

Hydrogen pressure of up to 100 bar without the need for additional compressor capacity

Savings of approx. 30 per cent in the hydrogen production chain compared to conventional CO₂ conversion (WGS) and PSA

Biomass-based hydrogen production costs of less than €5/kg (LCOH)

Capture of biogenic CO₂ for material use (CCU) or storage (CCS)

Modular scaling through the parallel and series connection of standardised container modules

Large-scale plants possible with cost reductions through standardisation

H₂ storage in the tonne or MWh range without special permits

Use of readily available iron oxides, which are neither rare nor geopolitically sensitive, as storage material

Process heat from the exothermic discharge reaction for full cascade utilisation